phosphoric acid ntau lawm cog

Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid los yog phosphoric (V) acid) yog ib qho tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab phosphorus-muaj cov khoom, thiab inorganic compound nrog cov tshuaj formula H.₃PO₄. Nws yog feem ntau ntsib raws li 85% aqueous tov, uas yog cov xim tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab cov kua dej tsis muaj kuab lom.

Phosphoric acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj nrog ntau yam kev siv. Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam hauv qab no:

• Kev ua liaj ua teb: Kev siv cov phosphoric acid tseem ceeb yog rau cov chiv (DAP, MAP, SPA, TSP, thiab lwm yam ...), muab phosphorus tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob.
• Khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus: Phosphoric acid yog siv los ua acidulant hauv cov zaub mov thiab dej haus, thiab nws kuj ua raws li kev khaws cia thiab qab ntxiag.
• Pharmaceuticals: Phosphoric acid yog siv los tsim ntau yam tshuaj, suav nrog cov vitamins, minerals, thiab antacids.
• Metallurgy: Phosphoric acid yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam hlau kom tshem tawm xeb thiab nplai los ntawm cov hlau.
• Lub zog tshiab: Lithium hlau phosphate (LFP) roj teeb yog ib qho ntawm cov roj teeb tseem ceeb rau lub zog tshiab tam sim no, thiab phosphoric acid yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv cathode. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog tshiab, qhov kev thov rau phosphoric acid thiab phosphates yog nce sai heev.
• Lwm yam kev siv: Phosphoric acid kuj tseem siv rau ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog kev kho dej, kev tsim tshuaj ntxuav tes, thiab nplaim hluav taws.

Cov kev lag luam siv los tsim cov phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntub dej, txheej txheem thermal, thiab txheej txheem ziab qhuav. Cov txheej txheem ntub dej yog cov cuab yeej siv tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov phosphoric acid.

Hauv cov txheej txheem ntub dej, phosphate-muaj cov ntxhia xws li calcium hydroxyapatite thiab fluorapatite raug kho nrog sulfuric acid. Calcium sulfate (gypsum, CaSO4) yog cov khoom lag luam, uas tau muab tshem tawm raws li phosphogypsum. Cov roj hydrogen fluoride (HF) tau ntws mus rau hauv cov dej ntub dej (dej) txhuam uas tsim cov hydrofluoric acid. Xaiv cov kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog, cov calcium sulfate yuav raug precipitated hauv dihydrate lossis hemihydrate daim ntawv. Tam sim no, rau ntau tshaj 85% cov txheej txheem ntub dej phosphate acid, calcium sulfate precipitated nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dihydrate thiab crude phosphoric acid tov feem ntau muaj 23-33% P.₂O₅ (32–46% H₃PO₄). Nws tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog los tsim cov khoom lag luam qib phosphoric acid, uas muaj txog 54-62% P₂O₅ (75–85% H₃PO₄). Ntxiv purified los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tebchaw ntawm arsenic thiab lwm yam uas muaj tshuaj lom impurities, nws yuav siv tau los tsim industrial-qib thiab zaub mov-qib phosphate acid.