Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev rau cov poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate, uas tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog txoj kev nruab nrab, txoj kev rho tawm, ion pauv txoj kev, ob txoj kev decomposition, txoj kev ncaj nraim, txoj kev crystallization, thiab txoj kev electrolysis. Hauv Suav teb, cov txheej txheem neutralization feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, ua raws li cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov organic, ob txoj kev decomposition, thiab ion pauv txoj kev.
Txoj kev Neutrality:
Neutralization txoj kev yog npaj 30% tov ntawm caustic potassium los yog potassium carbonate thiab xa mus rau ib tug neutralizer. Nyob rau hauv stirring, nws yog neutralized nrog 50% phosphoric acid tov. Qhov ntsuas kub yog tswj ntawm 80-100 degree thiab pH yog 4-5. Cov khoom nruab nrab yog lim, concentrated, txias, crystallized, centrifuged, thiab qhuav kom tau cov khoom tiav. Lub crystallization niam cawv yog xa rov qab mus rau seem concentration rau rov siv dua. Cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm kev tsim cov poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate los ntawm txoj kev nruab nrab yog qhia hauv daim duab 1 (tso tseg), thiab nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib npaug yog:
H3PO4 +KOH=KH2PO4 + H2O
2H3PO4 +K2CO3=2KH2PO4 + H2O + CO2↑
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem neutralization yog cov txheej txheem luv luv, cov thev naus laus zis paub tab, cov cuab yeej siv tsawg, cov khoom lag luam zoo, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab kev nqis peev tsawg. Txoj kev no siv cov thermal phosphoric acid thiab potassium hydroxide ua cov khoom siv raw, nrog rau cov nqi tsim khoom siab thiab nyuaj rau kev siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj, thiab qib qib potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Yav tom ntej, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev no yuav txo qis, tab sis tam sim no tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Tam sim no, lub peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate los ntawm neutralization txoj kev nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj account rau ntau tshaj 90% ntawm tag nrho cov tsim muaj peev xwm.
Txoj kev Extraction:
Cov txheej txheem extraction yog muab faib ua organic extraction thiab inorganic extraction. Tam sim no, txoj kev industrialized yog organic extraction.
Organic extraction yog ib txoj hauv kev xaiv siv cov kuab tshuaj organic rau kev rho tawm thiab sib cais ntawm cov poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate raws li cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic rau cov sib txuas sib txawv. Nws yog tsim los ntawm reacting poov tshuaj chloride thiab phosphoric acid nyob rau hauv ib tug haum organic solvent (S), thiab cov hydrochloric acid generated yuav luag muab rho tawm mus rau hauv cov organic hnyav. Tom qab theem sib cais thiab sib cais, poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate crystallizes los ntawm cov theem aqueous, thiab cov khoom poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate yog tau los ntawm kev ntxuav thiab ziab. Tom qab sib cais, cov kua niam yog rov siv dua; Hydrochloric acid yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov organic theem los ntawm ib tug stripping agent, uas yog recycled thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem.
Txoj kev sib pauv ion:
Potassium chloride tov yog siv los adsorb K + los ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm styrene raws li cation txauv resin. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj ammonium dihydrogen phosphate yog hloov los ntawm cov cob kom tau txais cov tshuaj potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Cov tshuaj noj yog concentrated, txias, crystallized, centrifuged, thiab qhuav kom tau cov khoom tiav lawm poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate. Lub crystallization niam cawv yog xa rov qab mus rau seem concentration rau rov siv dua.